Publications

Anderson, E.A., C.M. Pringle, & M.C. Freeman. 2008. Quantifying the cumulative extent of river fragmentation by dams in the Sarapiqui River Basin, Costa Rica: A first step towards evaluating environmental tradeoffs.  Aquatic Conservation 18: 408-417.

Anderson-Olivas, E.A., C.M. Pringle, & M. Rojas. 2006. Transforming tropical rivers: An environmental perspective on hydropower development in Costa Rica. Aquatic Conservation. 16: 679-693.

Anderson-Olivas, E.A., M.C. Freeman, & C.M. Pringle. 2006. Ecological consequences of hydropower development in Central America: Impacts of small dams and water diversion on neotropical stream fish assemblages. River Research and Applications 22:397-411.

Anderson-Olivas. E.A.  2004.  Ecological and social implications of hydropower development on a neotropical river system, Costa Rica. PhD Dissertation. University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.

Ardón M., C.M. Pringle & S.L. Eggert. 2009. Does leaf chemistry differentially affect breakdown in tropical vs temperate streams? Importance of using standardized analytical techniques to measure leaf chemistry. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 28: 440-453.

Ardón M. & C.M. Pringle. 2008. Do secondary compounds inhibit microbial- and insect-mediated leaf breakdown in a tropical rainforest stream, Costa Rica? Oecologia 155:311-323.

Ardón M. & C.M. Pringle. 2007. The quality of organic matter mediates the response of heterotrophic biofilms to phosphorus enrichment of the water column and substratum. Freshwater Biology 52: 1762-1772

Ardón M., L.A. Stallcup & C.M. Pringle. 2006. Does leaf quality mediate the stimulation of leaf breakdown by phosphorus in Neotropical streams? Freshwater Biology 51:618-633.

Ardón. M. 2006.  Effects of leaf litter quality on decomposition dynamics in lowland neotropical streams. PhD Dissertation. Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.

Ardón, M., J. H. Duff, A. Ramírez, G. E. Small, A. P. Jackman, F. J. Triska, & C. M. Pringle. 2013. Experimental acidification of two biogeochemically-distinct neotropical streams: Buffering mechanisms and macroinvertebrate drift. Science of the Total Environment 443: 267–277.

Boyero, L., R. Pearson, D. Dudgeon, M. Graca, M. Gessner, R. Albarino, V. Ferreira, C. Yule, A. Boulton, M. Arunachalam, M. Callisto, E. Chauvet, A. Ramirez, J. Chara, M. Moretti, J. GoncalvesJr, J. Helson, A.M. Chara, A. Encalada, J. Davies, S. Lamothe, A. Cornejo, J. Castela, A. Li, L. Buria, V. Díaz Villanueva, M.C. Zuniga, & C.M. Pringle. 2011a. Global distribution of a key trophic guild contrasts with common latitudinal diversity patterns. Ecology 92: 1839-1848.

Boyero, L., R.G. Pearson, M.O. Gessner, L.A. Barmuta, V. Ferreira, M.A.S. Graça, D. Dudgeon, A.J. Boulton, M. Callisto, E. Chauvet, J.E. Helson, A. Bruder, R.J. Albariño, C.M. Yule, M. Arunachalam, J.N. Davies, R. Figueroa, A.S. Flecker, A. Ramírez, R.G. Death, T. Iwata, J.M. Mathooko, C. Mathuriau, J.F. Gonçalves Jr., M.S. Moretti, T. Jingut, S. Lamothe, C. M’Erimba, L. Ratnarajah, M.H. Schindler, J. Castela, L.M. Buria, A. Cornejo, V.D. Villanueva, & D.C. West. 2011b. A global experiment suggests climate warming will not accelerate litter decomposition in streams but may reduce carbon sequestration. Ecology Letters 14:289-294.

Boyero L., R.G. Pearson, D. Dudgeon, V. Ferreira, M.A.S. Graça, M.O. Gessner, A.J. Boulton, E. Chauvet, C.M. Yule, R.J. Albariño, A. Ramírez, J.E. Helson, M. Callisto, M. Arunachalam, J. Chará, R. Figueroa, J.M. Mathooko, J.F. Gonçalves Jr., M. Moretti, A.M. Chará, J.N. Davies, A. Encalada, S. Lamothe, L.M. Buria, J. Castela, A. Cornejo, A.O.Y. Li, C. M’Erimba, V.D. Villanueva, M.C. Zúñiga, C. Swan & L.A. Barmuta. 2012. Global patterns of distribution in stream detritivores: implications for biodiversity loss in changing climates. Global Ecology & Biogeography 21:134-141.

Boyero, L., R.G. Pearson, M.O. Gessner, D. Dudgeon, A. Ramírez, C.M. Yule, M. Callisto, C.M. Pringle, A.C. Encalada, M. Arunachalam, J. Mathooko, J.E. Helson, J. Rincón, A. Bruder, A. Cornejo, A.S. Flecker, C. Mathuriau, C. M’Erimba, J.F. Goncalves Jr, M. Moretti1 & T. Jinggu. 2015. Leaf-litter breakdown in tropical streams: is variability the norm? Freshwater Science 34(2): 759-769.

Boyero, L., R.G. Pearson, C. Hui, M.O. Gessner, J. Pérez, M.A. Alexandrou, M.A.S. Graca, B.J. Cardinale, R.J. Albariño, M. Arunachalam, L.A. Barmuta, A.J. Boulton, A. Bruder, M. Callisto, E. Chauvet, R.G. Death, D. Dudgeon, A.C. Encalada, V. Ferreira, R. Figueroa, A.S. Flecker, J.F. Goncalves Jr, J. Helson, T. Iwata, T. Jinggut, J. Mathooko, C. Mathuriau, C. M’Erimba, M.S. Moretti, C.M. Pringle, A. Ramirez, L. Ratnarajah, J. Rincon, & C.M. Yule. 2016. Biotic and abiotic variables influencing plant litter breakdown in streams: a global study. In Proc. R. Soc. B 283(1829): 20152664.

Duff, J.H., C.M. Pringle, & F.J. Triska. 1996. Denitrification in sediments of a lowland tropical stream draining swamp forest. Biogeochemistry 33: 179-196.

Eklund, T.J., W. McDowell, & C.M. Pringle. 1997. Seasonal patterns in tropical precipitation chemistry: La Selva, Costa Rica. Atmospheric Environment 31: 3903-3910.

Flowers, R.W. & C.M. Pringle. 1995. Yearly fluctuations in the mayfly (Ephemeroptera) community of a tropical stream draining lowland pasture in Costa Rica, Chapter 10. p. 131-149. In: L.D. Corkum & J.J.H. Ciborowski (eds.). Current Directions in Research on Ephemeroptera. Canadian Scholars Press, Inc.

Ganong, C. 2015. Effects of precipitation regime on neotropical streams: biogeochemical drivers of stream physicochemistry and macroinvertebrate tolerance to pH shifts. PhD Dissertation. University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.

Ganong, C., G.E. Small, M. Ardon, W.H. McDowell, D. Genereux, J.H. Duff, & C.M. Pringle. 2015. Interbasin flows of geothermally modified groundwater stabilizes stream exports of biologically important solutes against variation in precipitation. Freshwater Science 34: 276-286.

Ganong, C., C.M. Pringle, M. Hidalgo Oconitrillo. 2021. Thresholds of acidification impacts on macroinvertebrates adapted to seasonally acidified tropical streams: potential responses to extreme drought-driven pH declines.  PeerJ

Genereaux, D. & C.M. Pringle. 1997. Chemical mixing model of stream flow generation at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Journal of Hydrology 199: 319-330.

Genereux, D., S. Wood, & C.M. Pringle. 2002. Chemical tracing of interbasin groundwater transfer in the lowland rainforest of Costa Rica. Journal of Hydrology 258: 163-178.

Gutierrez-Fonseca, P.E. 2016. Effects of environmental variables on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in tropical lowland streams. PhD Dissertation. University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.

Irons, J. G., M. W. Oswood, R. J. Stout, & C.M. Pringle. 1994. Latitudinal patterns in leaf litter breakdown: Is temperature really important? Freshwater Biology 32: 401-411

Jackman, A.P., F. J. Triska, J. H. Duff, & C. M. Pringle.  2005.  Is Rhodamine WT conservative in small stream studies? Results from upland and lowland reaches of a tropical srteam. Verhandlungen Internationale Verein Limnol. 28.

Kilham, S. S. & C. M. Pringle. 2000. Food webs in two neotropical systems as revealed by stable isotope ratios. Verhandlungen Internationale Verein. Limnol. 27: 1768-1775. 

Laidlaw, K. L. 1996. The implementation of a volunteer stream monitoring program in Costa Rica. Master's Thesis. University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.

Marzolf, N. S. 2021. Drivers and Consequences of CO2 Inputs to Lowland Neotropical Streams. Doctoral Dissertation. North Carolina State University.

Marzolf, N. S. and M. Ardón 2021. Ecosystem metabolism in tropical streams and rivers: a review and synthesis. Limnology and Oceanography 66, 1627-1638.

Marzolf, N. S., G. E. Small, D. Oviedo-Vargas, C. N. Ganong, J. H. Duff, A. Ramírez, C. M. Pringle, D. P. Genereux, and M. Ardón. (in review). Partitioning inorganic carbon fluxes from paired O2 - CO2 gas measurements in a Neotropical headwater stream, Costa Rica. Biogeochemistry.

Marzolf, N. S., D. M. Baca, T. K. Bruce, M. Vega-Gómez, C. D. Watson, C. N. Ganong, A. Ramírez, C. M. Pringle, and M. Ardón. (in review). Do experimental pH increases alter the structure and function of a lowland tropical stream? Ecosphere.

Paaby-Hansen, P., A. Ramirez, & C. M. Pringle.  1998.  The benthic macroinvertebrate community in Caribbean Costa Rican streams and the effect of two sampling methods. Revista de Biologia Tropical 46:185-200.

Parsons, D.C. 2000. The development of the water for life web page: an environmental outreach tool on water resource issues for Costa Rica and Latin America. Master's Thesis. University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.

Pohlman, S. M. 1998. Towards implementation of community-led conservation in lowland rainforest: The Water-for-Life Program in Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, Costa Rica. Master's Thesis. University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.

Pringle C.M., E.P. Anderson, M. Ardón, R.J. Bixby, S. Connelly, J.H. Duff, A.P. Jackman, P. Paaby, A. Ramírez, G.E. Small, M.N. Snyder, & F.J. Triska. 2016. Rivers of Costa Rica. In: Costa Rican Ecosystems. Ed: M. Kappelle. University of Chicago Press. Chicago, IL.

Pringle, C.M. 2006. Chapter 10: Hydrologic connectivity: A neglected dimension of conservation biology, pp. 233-54. In: K. Crooks and M. Sanjayan (eds.). Connectivity conservation. Cambridge University Press. 712 p.

Pringle, C.M. 2000. Managing riverine connectivity in complex landscapes to protect remnant natural areas. Plenary talk. Verhandlungen Internationale Verein. Limnol. 27: 1149-1164. 

Pringle, C.M. 2000. Riverine conservation in tropical versus temperate regions: Ecological and socioeconomic considerations, Chapter 15, pp. 367-378. In: P. J. Boon, B. Davies, & G. Petts (eds.) Global perspectives on river conservation: Science policy & practice. John Wiley & Sons.

Pringle, C.M. 2001. Hydrologic connectivity and the management of biological reserves: A global perspective. Ecological Applications 11: 981-998.

Pringle, C.M. 2003. What is hydrologic connectivity and why is it ecologically important? Hydrological Processes 17: 2685-2689.

Pringle, C. M. 1988. History of conservation efforts and initial exploration of the lower extension of Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Costa Rica. P. 225-242. In F. Alameda & C. M. Pringle (eds.). Tropical rainforest - Diversity and conservation. California Academy of Sciences and Pacific Division, American Association for the Advancement of Science, San Francisco, California.

Pringle, C. M. 1991. Geothermal waters surface at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica: Volcanic processes introduce chemical discontinuities into lowland tropical streams. Biotropica 23: 523-529.

Pringle, C. M. 1997. Exploring how disturbance is transmitted upstream: going against the flow. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 16: 425-438.

Pringle, C. M. 1997. Expanding scientific research programs to address conservation challenges in freshwater ecosystems, pp. 305-319. In: Pickett, S. T. A., R. S. Ostfeld, M. Shachak, & G. E. Likens (eds.). Enhancing the ecological basis of conservation: Heterogeneity, ecosystem function and biodiversity. Chapman & Hall.

Pringle, C.M.  2013. Ecological effects of climate-driven acidification in lowland Neotropical streams.  Invited Plenary Talk, Kilham Lecture: Meetings of the International Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Budapest, Hungary.

Pringle, C.M. & A. Ramírez. 1998. Use of both benthic and drift sampling techniques to assess tropical stream invertebrate communities along an altitudinal gradient, Costa Rica. Freshwater Biology 39: 359-373.

Pringle, C.M. & F. J. Triska. 2000. Emergent biological patterns in streams resulting from surface-subsurface interactions at landscape scales, Chapter 7, pp. 167-193. In: J. Jones & P. Mulholland (eds.). Streams and Groundwaters. Academic Press.

Pringle, C.M. & F. J. Triska. 1991. Effects of geothermal waters on nutrient dynamics of a lowland Costa Rican stream. Ecology 72: 951-965.

Pringle, C. M. & F. J. Triska. 1991. Variation in phosphate concentrations of small order streams draining volcanic landscapes in Costa Rica: Sources and implications for nutrient cycling, pp 70-83. In: H. Tiessen, D. Lopez-Hernandez, & I. H. Salcedo (eds.). Phosphorus cycles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Regional Worskhop 3: South and Central America. Organized by the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) and the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), Maracay Venezuela l989. Turner-Warwick Communications, Saskatoon, Canada.

Pringle, C.M. & F.N. Scatena. 1999. Freshwater resource development: Case studies from Puerto Rico and Costa Rica. Pp 114-121, In: U. Hatch & M. E. Swisher (eds.). Tropical managed ecosystems: New perspectives on sustainability. Oxford University Press.

Pringle, C. M. & T. Hamazaki. 1997. Effects of fishes on algal response to storms in a tropical stream. Ecology 78: 2432-2442.

Pringle, C. M. & T. Hamazaki. 1998. The role of omnivory in structuring a neotropical stream: Separating diurnal versus nocturnal effects. Ecology 79: 269-280.

Pringle, C.M., F.J. Triska, & G.J. Browder. 1990. Spatial variation in basic chemistry of streams draining a volcanic landscape on Costa Rica's Caribbean slope. Hydrobiologia 206: 73-86.

Pringle, C. M., F. Scatena, P. Paaby, & M. Nuñez. 2000. Conservation of aquatic ecosystems of Latin America and the Caribbean.  Chapter 2, Pages 39-75, In: P. J. Boon, B. Davies & G. Petts (eds.). Global perspectives on river conservation: Science, policy and practice. John Wiley & Sons.

Pringle, C. M., G. L. Rowe, F. J. Triska, J. F. Fernandez & J. West. 1993. Landscape linkages between geothermal activity, solute composition and ecological response in streams draining Costa Rica's Atlantic Slope. Limnology & Oceanography 38: 753-774.

Pringle, C.M., M. Freeman, & B. Freeman. 2000. Regional effects of hydrologic alterations on riverine macrobiota in the New World: Tropical-temperate comparisons. BioScience 50: 807-823.

Pringle, C.M., P. Paaby-Hansen, P.D. Vaux & C.R. Goldman. 1986. In situ nutrient assays of periphyton growth in a lowland Costa Rican stream. Hydrobiologia 134: 207-213.

Pringle, C.M. & F.N. Scatena. 1999. Factors affecting aquatic ecosystem deterioration in Latin America and the Caribbean. Pages 104-113, In: U. Hatch & M.E. Swisher (eds.). Tropical managed ecosystems: New perspectives on sustainability. Oxford University Press.

Ramírez, A. 2001. Control of benthic assemblages in detritus-based tropical streams. PhD Dissertation. The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.

Ramírez, A., C.M. Pringle, & K.M. Wantzen. 2007. Tropical river conservation. In D. Dudgeon (ed.), Tropical Stream Ecology. Academic Press.

Ramírez, A. 1997. Structure, function and production of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in lowland tropical streams, Costa Rica. Master's Thesis. University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.

Ramírez, A., C.M. Pringle, & M. Douglas. 2006. Physico-chemical variables and the structure of stream insect assemblages in a tropical landscape. Journal of North American Benthological Society 25:108-123.

Ramírez, A., & C.M. Pringle. 2006. Fast growth and turnover of chironomid assemblages in response to stream phosphorus levels in a tropical lowland landscape. Limnology & Oceanography 51: 189-196.

Ramírez, A. & C. M. Pringle. 2004. Do macroconsumers affect insect responses to a natural stream phosphorus gradient? Hydrobiologia 515: 235-246.

Ramírez, A. & C. M. Pringle. 1998. Structure and production of a benthic insect assemblage in a neotropical stream. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 17: 443-463

Ramírez, A. & C. M. Pringle. 1998. Invertebrate drift and benthic community dynamics in a neotropical stream. Hydrobiologia 386: 19-26.

Ramírez, A. & R. Novelo-Gutiérrez. 1999. The neotropical dragonfly genus Macrothemis: new larval descriptions and an examination of its generic status based on larval stages (Odonata: Libellulidae). Journal of the North American Benthological Society 18: 66-72.

Ramírez, A. & C.M. Pringle. 2001. Spatial and temporal patterns of invertebrate drift in streams draining a neotropical landscape. Freshwater Biology 46: 47-62.

Ramírez, A., & C.M. Pringle. 1999. Structure and function of a benthic insect community in a neotropical stream. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 17:443-463.

Ramírez, A., & C. M. Pringle. 1999. Invertebrate drift and benthic community dynamics in a lowland neotropical stream, Costa Rica. Hydrobiologia 386:19-26.

Ramírez, A., C. M. Pringle, & L. Molina. 2003.  Effects of stream phosphorus levels on microbial respiration. Freshwater Biology 48: 88-97.

Ramírez, A., P. Paaby, C.M. Pringle & G. Aguero. 1998. Effect of habitat type on benthic macroinvertebrates in a tropical lowland stream, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical 46:201-214.

Ramírez, A., M. Ardón, M. M. Douglas, & M. A. S. Graça. 2015. Tropical freshwater sciences: an overview of ongoing tropical research. Freshwater Sciences 34: 606-608.

Ramírez, A., C. M. Pringle,  G. E. Small, B. Bixby, J. H. Duff, M. Ardon, A. P. Jackman, M. Snyder, C. Ganong, P. Guttierrez-Fonseca, and F. Triska.  2015.  Insights from a 25+ year dataset in lowland Costa Rica:  Effects of hydrologic connectivity from the mountains to the sea on stream ecosystems of an inland protected area. Invited talk in special NSF-organized session on the importance of long-term ecological research.  Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, Baltimore, MD.

Rosemond, A. D., C. M. Pringle, A. Ramirez, & M. Paul. 2001. A test of top- down and bottom-up control in a detritus-based food web. Ecology 82: 2279-2293.

Rosemond, A. D., C. M. Pringle, A. Ramirez, M. J. Paul, & J. L. Meyer. 2002. Landscape patterns in the effects of phosphorus on detritus-based tropical streams. Limnology & Oceanography 47:278-289.

Rosemond, A. D., C. M. Pringle, & A. Ramírez. 1998. Macroconsumer effects on detrital processing in a tropical stream food web. Freshwater Biology 39: 515-524.

Small, G. E. & C. M. Pringle. 2010. Deviation from strict homeostasis across multiple trophic levels in an invertebrate consumer assemblage exposed to high chronic phosphorus enrichment in a Neotropical stream. Oecologia 162: 581-590.

Small, G.E. 2010. Nutrient dynamics in Neotropical stream food webs: Effects of stream phosphorus loading on consumer physiology, and the role of consumers in recycling nutrients. PhD Dissertation. The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.

Small, G. E., C. M. Pringle, M. Pyron, & J. H. Duff. 2011. Role of the fish Astyanax aeneus (Characidae) as a keystone nutrient recycler in low-nutrient Neotropical streams, Costa Rica. Ecology 92: 386-397.

Small, G.E., C.M. Pringle, F.J. Triska, J.H. Duff, A.P. Jackman, M. Hidalgo, A. Ramírez & M. Ardón. 2008. Phosphorus uptake dynamics during an eight-year phosphorus addition in a neotropical headwater stream. Verhandlungen Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 30: 551-554

Small, G.E., R.J. Bixby, C. Kazanci, & C.M. Pringle. 2011. Partitioning stoichiometric components of epilithic biofilm using mixing models. Limnology & Oceanography: Methods 9: 185-193.

Small, G.E., J.P. Wares, & C.M. Pringle. 2011. Differences in phosphorus demand among detritivorous chironomid larvae reflect intraspecific adaptations to differences in food resource stoichiometry across lowland tropical streams. Limnology & Oceanography 56: 268-278.

Small, G.E., M. Ardón, A.P. Jackman, J.H. Duff, F.J. Triska, A. Ramirez, M. Snyder, & C.M. Pringle. 2012. Rainfall-driven amplification of seasonal acidification in poorly buffered tropical streams. Ecosystems 15:974-985.

Small, G.E., J.H. Duff, P.J. Torres, & C.M. Pringle. 2013. Insect emergence as a nitrogen flux in Neotropical streams: comparisons with microbial denitrification across a stream phosphorus gradient. Freshwater Science 32: 1178-1187.

Small, G. E., P. J. Torres, L. M. Schweizer, J. H. Duff, & C. M. Pringle. 2013. Importance of terrestrial arthropods as subsidies in lowland Neotropical rainforest stream ecosystems. Biotropica 45: 80-87.

Small, G.E., C.M. Pringle, R. Bixby,  J. H. Duff, M. Ardón, A. Ramírez,  A. Jackman, M. Snyder,  C. Ganong and F. J. Triska.  2013. Ecological effects of climate-driven acidification in lowland Neotropical streams: Insights from a 25-year dataset. Invited Talk in special session on long-term research. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, Minneapolis, MN.

Small, G.E., M. Ardón, J.H. Duff, A.P. Jackman, A. Ramírez, F.J. Triska, & C.M. Pringle. 2016. Phosphorus retention in a lowland Neotropical stream following an eight-year enrichment experiment. Freshwater Science 35(1): 1-11.

Stallcup, L. A.  2004.  Effects of water chemistry and leaf species on leaf breakdown in neotropical headwater streams. Master's Thesis. University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.

Stallcup L.A., M. Ardón & C.M. Pringle. 2006. Effects of P- and N- enrichment on leaf breakdown in detritus-based tropical streams. Freshwater Biology 51: 1515-1526

Snyder, M., E.P. Anderson, & C.M. Pringle. 2011. A migratory shrimp’s perspective on habitat fragmentation in the neotropics: extending our knowledge from Puerto Rico. New Frontiers in Crustacean Biology: 169-182.

Snyder, M., M.C. Freeman, S.T. Purucker, C.M. Pringle. 2016. Using occupancy modeling and logistic regression to assess the distribution of shrimp species in lowland streams, Costa Rica: does regional groundwater create favorable habitat? Freshwater Science 35: 80-90.

Snyder, M., G. Small & C.M. Pringle. 2015. Diet-switching by omnivorous freshwater shrimps diminishes differences in nutrient cycling rates and body stoichiometry across a food quality gradient. Freshwater Biology 60: 526-536.

Snyder, M., C.M. Pringle, & R. Tiffer-Sotomayor. 2013. Landscape-scale disturbance and protected areas: long-term dynamics of populations of the shrimp, Macrobrachium olfersi, in lowland Neotropical streams, Costa Rica. Journal of Tropical Ecology 29: 81-85.

Snyder M.N. 2012. Abundance, distribution, energy flow and nutrient dynamics of freshwater shrimps in lowland Costa Rica. Dissertation. University of Georgia, Athens, GA.

Triska, F. J., C. M. Pringle, G. W. Zellweger, J. H. Duff & R. J. Avanzino.  1993. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen composition, transformation, retention, and transport in naturally phosphate-rich and phosphate-poor tropical streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 50: 665-675.

Triska F.J., C.M. Pringle, J.H. Duff, R.J. Avanzino, A. Ramírez, M. Ardón & A.P. Jackman. 2006.  Soluble Reactive Phosphorus (SRP) transport and retention in tropical, rain forest streams draining a volcanic landscape in Costa Rica. 1: Long-term concentration and pore water environment. Biogeochemistry81: 131-14

Triska, F. J., C. M. Pringle, J. H. Duff, R. J. Avanzino, & G. Zellweger. 2006. Soluble reactive phosphorus transport and retention in tropical rainforest streams draining a volcanic landscape in Costa Rica: in situ SRP amendment to streams and laboratory studies. Biogeochemistry 81:145-157.

Vargas, R. J. 1995. History of municipal water resources in Puerto Viejo, Sarapiquí, Costa Rica: A socio-political perspective. Master's Thesis. University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.